Large Intestine Essay Example for Free

Large Intestine Essay Many people often confuse the large intestine with the small intestine. However the large intestine is wider (about 3 inches) yet shorter than the small intestine  (in humans about 4. 9 feet in length as compared with 22 25 feet for the small intestine) and has a smooth inner wall. (Britannica)   Ã‚   The large intestine consists of the cecum, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum and anus. The longitudinal muscle of the muscularis  externa is concentrated into 3 bands called teniae coli. These 3 bands of muscle form pouches (haustra) because they are shorter than the rest of the colon. The epithelium of the mucosa is mostly goblet cells, and has a numerous  amount of crypts, there are no villi. (Martini, Ph. D. ) The ileocecal valve (sphincter) prevents materials from moving back into the ileum. In the upper half of the large intestine, enzymes from the small intestine complete the digestive process and bacteria produces the B vitamins (B12, thiamin, and riboflavin) as well as vitamin K. Martini, PhD) The large intestines primary function is to absorb water and electrolytes from digestive residues and storage of fecal matter until it can be expelled. The large intestine is the last attraction in digestive tube and the location of the terminal phases of digestion. In comparison to other regions of the tube, there are huge differences among species in the relative size and complexity of the large intestine. Nonetheless, in all species it functions in three processes:   (Marieb) *Recovery of water and electrolytes *Formation and storage of feces Microbial fermentation A wide variety of diseases and disorders occur in the large intestine. The most frequent and common disease of the large intestine is Crohns disease. The cause of Crohns disease is unknown. ( Britannica) Apart from the greater tendency for fistulas to form and for the wall of the intestine to thicken until the channel is obstructed, it is distinguishable from ulcerative colitis by microscopic findings. In Crohns disease, the maximum damage occurs beneath the mucosa, and lymphoid conglomerations, known as granulomata, are formed in the submucosa. Crohns disease attacks the perianal tissues more often than does ulcerative colitis. Although these two diseases are not common, they are disabling. ( Britannica) Because there is no specific etiology, a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs, including corticosteroids and aminosalicylic acid compounds, is used to treat Crohns disease. (Web MD) The drugs are effective both in treating acute episodes and in suppressing the disease over the long term. Depending on the circumstances, hematinics, vitamins, high-protein diets, and blood transfusions are also used. Surgical resection of the portion of the large bowel affected is often done. The entire colon may have to be removed and the small intestine brought out to the skin as an ileostomy an opening to serve as a substitute for the anus. In ulcerative colitis, as opposed to Crohns disease, the rectal muscle may be preserved and the ileum brought through it and joined to the anus. (Web MD) Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest significant amounts of lactose, the major sugar found in milk. Lactose intolerance is caused by a shortage of the enzyme lactase, which is produced by the cells that line the small intestine. Lactase breaks down milk sugar into two simpler forms of sugar called glucose and galactose, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactose intolerance is a problem caused by the digestive system. (lactose) People who do not have enough lactase to digest the amount of lactose they consume may feel very uncomfortable when they digest milk products.

Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Miltons Object in

Christianity and Greek Epic Tradition as Devices for Milton's Object in Paradise Lost The widely known story of the Genesis account in the Bible of the creation and fall of humankind does not make for a very interesting story. Almost anyone familiar with Western tradition can provide at least this basic outline: God makes angels, the best angel wants to be God, the angel gets kicked out of Heaven into Hell, goes to the garden of Eden, persuades Eve to eat an apple, and down plunges humanity. So why, then, did Milton choose to use this particular piece of Biblical narrative, first, above his original intention of an Arthurian tale, and second, above any other account in the 66 books of the Old and New Testaments? Milton answers these questions both simply and enigmatically in the beginning of the poem: "What in me is dark/ Illumine, what is low raise and support;/ That to the heighth of this great Argument/ I may assert Eternal Providence/ And justify the ways of God to men" (Milton 47). The question that humanity begs an answer for, above all, is the reason for the rampant evil in the world. Many people over the last several centuries, and many Christians even, cannot reconcile the existence of unchecked evil alongside a loving, merciful God. Milton would heartily agree that characteristics of God can be found in any situation in the Bible (and so he did draw from these in other works), but within Milton's enlightened seventeenth-century society, the scientific process itself dictated that to discover the meaning of any process, one had to go back to the catalytic moment. In order to answer the most theologically difficult question this side of B.C., Milton had no choice but to go back to th e beginning and see, with what... ...adise Lost. ed. Thomas Kranidas. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969. 118-130. "Epic." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=119368>. Ferry, Anne. Milton's Epic Voice: The Narrator in Paradise Lost. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1963. "Milton, John." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=115562>. Milton, John. Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. New York: Signet Classics, 1968. New American Standard Bible. 2015. Web 30 April 2015. https://www.biblegateway.com Ricks, Christopher. Introduction. Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. By John Milton. New York: Signet Classics, 1968. vii- xxx. Webber, Joan Malory. Milton and His Epic Tradition. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1979.

History Gcse Vietnam Coursework Essay

Source A is by US President Johnson, speaking in April 1965, one month after the start of Operation Rolling Thunder. It is a primary source. Johnson had a difficult job; he had to live up to be popular. The former president JFK was very popular. Johnson was a new president. He launched the direct involvement; former president only sent weapons and advisers. In the source, Johnson says USA got involved in Vietnam because â€Å"we have a promise to keep†. By saying promise he is referring to the Truman Doctrine. It is the promise made by Truman president of USA after World War Two, they promised to send money, weapons and advisers to the countries outside the Iron Curtain if they are over the threat of communism. Johnson feels that he has to carry on the promise. Americans expect Johnson to help out South Vietnamese. Americans think communism is evil, and they are the defender of democracy and capitalism. They think it6 is their job to contain communism. They have showed to the world that they will stand up over communism in Korea, Cuba and Greece; it is vital that they carry on containing communism to make America appear strong. The source is said to public in America. It is useful because it is from the president himself who lead the war which makes it is primary source because it was said at the time the war was going on. In addition, it gives us the reasons that Johnson told the public. It also tells us the official reason of why America was involved in the war. Because Johnson took them to war, many public believed him. Direct involvement has just begun and the incidents at gulf of Tongking and Pleiku were the excuses for America to bomb North Vietnam. The source is less useful because he doesn’t give a specific reason on why America was involved; he does not talk about the direct involvement, he is trying to justify his reasons on bombing Vietnam. He believes it is the right thing to do; he hides his private feelings. He also says the quote from the bible to back him up. â€Å"Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he says that the god will say he is doing the right thing. He is trying to make people feel it is the moral thing. He also means that he don’t want communism to be over the Iron Curtain. Because the views from the Vietnamese people are missing it make the source less useful. It is biased because we only get Johnson’s point of view. The date is significant and it is said to persuade the public and it makes the source more likely to be propaganda. Johnson is desperate to put the public on government’s side. Because if the government does not get the support from the public there will be a massive protest. The source only shows Johnson’s point of view so we don’t know if the Vietnamese wanted America there. Johnson has just started to bomb Vietnam which makes it less reliable because he is trying to put the public on government’s side. This is not uncommon because it is what the other leaders have done in the past to put the public on their side. Because it is common that makes it les reliable; the politicians can exaggerate the reasons why they have gone to the war. Propaganda has been used in World War 2 and more recently in Iraq and Afghanistan and the public have to be cautious when listening to propaganda speeches. The media is trying to make the public believe that communism is bad. The source on its own is not very useful. Perhaps if it was cross-examined with other sources we will be able to understand more about the reasons of why America got involved in the Vietnam War. Source B is a private conversation said by us President Johnson in May 1964. The source tells us that Johnson’s fear of communism â€Å"of course if you start running from the communists they may chase you into your own kitchen† which is similar to source A in the fact that he talks about communism spreading to the West and America. He also tells us that he has a fear of losing power which he doesn’t mention in source A because it is a public conversation. He says that the politicians and advisers are giving him pressure to start the war which means that JFK was doing is not working anymore. The source was spoken in May 1964 but then the Operation Rolling Thunder hadn’t started. The USA was only helping the Vietnamese indirectly. The date is significant because it shows that he had thought about bombing Vietnam, it wasn’t a decision which was taken straightaway. He says that he is not confident that they will win the war â€Å"I don’t think it is worth fighting for. And I don’t think we can get out† which contradict with what he has said in source A. Source B is useful because it displays his true thoughts and feelings about going to war in Vietnam. Because the decisions to go into war are done by Johnson it makes the source more reliable. However, because the source only tells us one point of view as to why they are involved in Vietnam War; it limits its reliability and it’s not helpful if you’re looking for why they are involved in Vietnam. The source is privately said which makes it more reliable because it’s trustworthy and because there is more chance of it being the truth. It is more useful because it shows what he really think about Vietnam â€Å"we acre a hell of a lot less† it again contradicts with source A where he said we should act up on Vietnam; this makes source A less useful. But on the other hand source B is less reliable because we don’t know who he had this private conversation with. I think source B on its own is not very useful because he doesn’t say many reasons of why they got involved in Vietnam. But it is useful in way that it contradicts with source A and helps us think more about if source A is reliable. Source C is by Professor Noam Chomsky, he was an American critic of the war; which means that he is not going to be positive about what the government is doing. He is less reliable because we don’t know his background. He ahs got his own agenda; possibly he can be Anti-American. Because he is a professor, people are more likely to believe what he says because he is knowledgeable. However, it doesn’t mean what he says must be true. The source is less useful because we don’t know where he got the information from, to make it more useful we need to know the derivation of his information. The professor emphasises the fact that the government didn’t go to the war to help the South Vietnamese â€Å"its our ‘official’ truth now† he is saying that this is what the public was told by the government, it was what everyone believed at that time. â€Å"It’s just not true† in these lines what the professor actually means is that President Johnson is a liar. â€Å"The US did not want an independent South Vietnam that was no longer dominated by America† in these lines the professor is telling us that USA got involved in Vietnam because they did not want to lose the control over Vietnam and they wanted took powerful to the Soviets during the Cold War. The source tells us that the US got involved in Vietnam for trade and money because if the South Vietnamese turn communist they won’t trade with America, which means that they will have less economy. â€Å"It could not allow South Vietnam out of its orbit† in these lines what he is saying is that America want to show the world its strength and it wants to keep control over Vietnam. It is about America being selfish and its greedy motives. This supports what Johnson said in source B, he only says he cares about Vietnam in source A. The source is said to public because he is being interviewed, the source is not very reliable because it only shows his point of view. The professor wants the public to know the truth or what he thinks is the truth. There is less chance that the media has changed the source. The source is useful because it shows us a different viewpoint about America’s involvement in Vietnam War. The fact that the professor has said it in public shows that he is trying to achieve publicity for himself by exaggerating the reasons. The source is useful because it displays that not everybody agreed to the war and some people criticised their own government. It is also good because it shows a different opinion on Vietnam War; something we haven’t considered before. The source was spoken in October 1982 after the war has finished in the 1970’s. Chomsky is criticising the government because they have lost the war, there is more chance of public believing Chomsky than government and they will think that the government has made a mistake. It is less reliable because it is a secondary source and he doesn’t know what the real reasons were, he wasn’t there at the time nor he wasn’t part of the government. In my opinion, source C on its own is not very useful because ewe only get one person’s viewpoint. But if it was interrogated with other sources it can be more reliable. In conclusion, I think from all these sources I have studied source B is more useful because it shows us what president Johnson felt at that time of war and he was the one who sent out soldiers to Vietnam. But in source A he could be lying to the public to justify his reasons because he can’t say he sent troops down to Vietnam for his selfish motives. I haven’t chosen source C because I think that he is trying to gain popularity by criticising the government and that is his job.

The American Dream in the Great Gatsby by F. Scott...

American Dream: Corruptions through materialistic items (Theme to text) ROUGH - The concept of the American Dream has been present in the lives of many since the beginning of American literature’s arrival - The ‘American Dreamer’ typically strives to rise from rags to riches, while obtaining wealth, social status, sophistication, love and power whilst on the way to the top - Throughout different era’s and periods of time the American dream has slightly varied, but the ultimate end goal remains the same; based on independence, a need for freedom, and the ability and desire to achieve greatness in one’s lifetime - The early American dream was first introduced by early settlers’ who aspired to move West and find land to start a new life and†¦show more content†¦She has no compassion nor does she care about people’s lives; core issue that leads Gatsby into corruption - Through her conveying appearance, Daisy is able to manipulate Gatsby motives and emotions, while still remaining unconcerned - Her only concern or compassion is based on wealth and power, Daisy just strings Gatsby along, but has no real intent of ever leaving her husband, Tom - The Buchanan’s marriage is full of lies, deceitfulness and unfaithfulness, yet they remain closely linked through their use of money and attention; are unified because of corruption (QUOTE 188) - Other characters within this novel contribute to the detrimental effects of wealth, appearance and materialistic value, while numbing the lives of those around them - The wealthy class, those who attended his lavish events and consumed and used all his assets, are the epitome of selfish, corrupt people who allow the objective of wealth andShow MoreRelatedEssay about Great Gatsby862 Words   |  4 Pages F. 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